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Scientists have learned how to read minds by using the imager

Scientists have discovered how the brain provides storage of the vocabulary of human knowledge and it allowed them to even guess the word, thought the subject within the scanner.

Specialists Karengi Mellon University (USA) conducted a series of experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). With the help of the device that records the activity of different parts of the brain, scientists were able to obtain information about the brain and the processes of memory retrieval of different words. These data shed light on the mystery of speech and language, will be useful as neyrolingvistam and doctors who are looking for ways to treat speech disorders.

Heavy

linguists share

Language volunteers who participated in the experiments was English. It is important to note, as from the Russian as he is very different grammar and morphology. However, their features are in Chinese, Hungarian and other languages, as well as in Hebrew, Hindi, Maori, etc.

For example, the noun "Saw" in Russian means carpenter tool, and the verb "saw" reports that in the past tense face female taken inside the liquid. "Saw dropped from the workbench to the floor" and "cat drank water from a bowl" - in the same words mean different things to offer. So how to deal with such cases? And what to do with multi-nouns such as "spit"? All these questions have psychologists and linguists, there is no final answers, and because the experiments are placed in a simplified form. In this paper, Scientists selected

60 words denoting different physical objects, thereby removing the abstract concepts like "letters" or "conscience" and getting rid of possible ambiguity. The selected subjects were shown words, and researchers using the imager observed which areas of the brain activated in response. Of course, the search area corresponding to only a specific word and for nothing else, it would be at least strange (if each word is highlighted in the visible slice MRI of the brain, the vocabulary will have to severely limit!), So neyrolingvisty defined areas related rather with the storage of certain groups of words.

Volume One, in five parts

Hypothesis that the different groups of nouns correspond different parts of the brain was put forward by scientists before. But here's how it is distinguished from these groups was not very clear. Paper dictionaries, for example, often make in several volumes, alphabetically, and sometimes produce a general dictionary and a few specialized, economic or scientific terms. Stores whether the brain with the division of nouns in meaning? Or, for example, allocates separate words with a predominance of vowels or consonants? And can, and do their orders on time, emphasizing individual learned in childhood and later learned?

Neuro linguistic Group and experts in the experiments using the CT scanner tested the assumption that words are grouped all the same meaning. And in the course of processing the results of the study showed that this conjecture is true: scientists have been able to fix the three areas that were activated only in certain words.

According to the findings of researchers, the brain uses three characteristics to sort nouns denoting physical objects. These are objects that are in some way can be used by hand (hammer, for example), edible items and shelter. The word "flat", for example, falls into the "shelter", and thus activate a different set of areas, rather than words such as "carrots" or "ball." Created by researchers allocation algorithms active regions on the tomograms (fairly easy task, since the recognition of words superimposed other thought processes) allowed to distinguish five areas related to the "Dictionary of guns".

Findings allowed the scientists to do some interesting conclusions. Thus, using MRI, scientists were able to predict with a probability of 86% (this is not absolute, but rather a high probability) about any of the 60 words given the subject thought at some point. And this is a very impressive argument in favor of the correctness of the conclusions neuro linguistic. Moreover, researchers have been able to predict the response and the brain at a word from the same category, but have not yet seen the subjects that you will agree, too, adds weight to their conclusions.

What's next? Prior to direct application in the clinics open neuro linguistic is still far away - for example, to find and restore damaged areas of the brain or in computer technology, when a special helmet guesses hidden word and displays it on screen, allowing you to print without a keyboard. But even 100 years ago about the brain was known to very few, and psychologists do not imagine how nerve impulses are transmitted ... So that age - it is for science is almost instant.

Alex Tymoshenko

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